Inquiry 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Request 2 - Essay Example In spite of the fact that the primary story for the MGM film adjustment of the book continued as before, a few sections were modified for instance the evil witch of the east’s shoes (Rudolph, n.pag.). The film gave a graphical showing of the characters and the story which is the reason hardly any years after the fact, an article composed by Henry Littlefield made it a purposeful anecdote on populism (Littlefield, 47). The book and the film give a rich social book to be investigated for the nearness of the practical and political story many case it to have. Littlefield was the primary individual to have deciphered The Wizard of Oz as having a monetary story after which numerous others likewise guaranteed the book and film to be loaded with political imagery. Later Rockoff likewise put forth an attempt to uncover the associations between the Populist development, Baum’s sees and the book as deciphered as a financial story (1). Russel B. Nye and Martin Gardner additionally composed a book in which they gave a gratefulness to Baum’s composing (Winterich, 42) and revealed how Baum joined shrouded implications to mirror the earth of the time. By adequately utilizing imagery, Baum spoke to Dorothy as the regular American individuals (Taylor, 5) and the Witch of the East spoke to the money related enthusiasm of the industrialist who were upheld by their highest quality level partners (Taylor, 6). Numerous different characters represent the different players and partners associated with the Populist development. Somewhere in the range of 1897 and 1902, Baum had settled in South Dakota where he likewise began a diary called Saturday Pioneer (McGroarty, n.pag.). As per Littlefield, Baum saw the difficulties of the Western ranchers who were currently raising their voice against the difficulties they were experiencing (48). Thus, Baum’s composing was affected by the Populist development that was begun to ensure the interests of the ranchers. The Peoples Party or the Populist Party as it was all the more ordinarily known as was begun by a gathering of ranchers. At that point during the 1930s America encountered the Great Depression which was the most extreme and drawn out time of downturn that harmed the economy. Followed by the extraordinary discouragement, World War II was moving toward which implied that the legislature needed to put forth an attempt to improve the economy (Perseverance and Responsiveness: The Depression and War Years, 36). As indicated by Littlefield’s understanding, The Wizard of Oz has given the more youthful age a kind investigation of the Populist development (57). Hansen presents an argumentation in his article bringing up that the understandings that interface The Wizard of Oz and populism are imperfect. The primary explanation he accommodates his contention is the absence of an independent disclosure of the metaphorical translation of the book (Hansen, 257). The creators who have deciphered the story as a practical anecdote have not completed any free examination. They have simply followed the lead of Henry Littlefield who previously concocted the possibility of the figurative translation. Likewise, the individuals who bolster the translation notice that Baum was a democrat. Regularly his help for women’s testimonial has been connected with his populist-democrat partiality. In any case, Hansen calls attention to that Baum was a Republican who respected his paper the Saturday Pioneer as a Republican paper. He likewise presents another translation of the book as all the characters were monarchists and not democrats. Hansen deciphers the film as speaking to imagery through its utilization of hues and tints (262). While the

An analysis of the current activities of Cherwell District Councils Environmental Services Department Essay Example for Free

An investigation of the present exercises of Cherwell District Councils Environmental Services Department Essay 1.0 Background Cherwell District Councils Environmental Services Department is comprised of two segments (Environmental Services and Amenity Services), which convey a wide scope of differing administrations (see Table 1). Table 1. Administrations offered by the Environmental Services Department. Ecological Services Luxury Services Sanitation/Health and Safety in organizations Squander Collection/Recycling Creature Welfare/Dog Warden Service Road Cleaning Contamination Control/Noise Nuisance Nuisance Control Service Wellbeing Promotion and Disability Issues Natural Strategy/Agenda 21 This report takes a gander at a portion of the administrations gave by the business group inside natural administrations who are answerable for food/wellbeing and security law requirement, irresistible infection control, food/water testing, permitting/enlistment, protest examination and offering data and preparing. 2.0 Introduction Most of the exercises of the business group are obligatory forced on the Council by rule, for example, the Food Safety Act and the Health and Safety at Work and so on Act. The segments exercises are additionally observed through quarterly reports to the Chief Executive of the Council, the Food Standards Agency and The Health and Safety Executive. In spite of the administrative capacity of the area which is basically the authorization of the law, it none the less offers a support which is portrayed as the blend of results and encounters conveyed to and got by a client (Johnson Clark, 2001 p9). Figure 1 records a portion of the parts of the administration experience, which can be utilized while evaluating the nature of the administration gave. * the degree of personalisation of the procedure * the responsiveness of the administration association * the adaptability of client confronting staff * client closeness * the simple entry to support staff or data frameworks * the degree to which the client feels esteemed by the association * the politeness

MIT Academics

MIT Academics After Graduation, I now have a lot of time to reflect upon my MIT experience. :P Technically, Im not kicked out from the blogs until the end of the summer, so I hope to continue writing a few blogs discussing various aspects that Ive come to gain a better understanding of after my four years here, which I hope would be of use to incoming freshmen, especially. I dont actually have a plan for this, haha, so I will just draft things as they come to me. :P I graduated with a 4.7 GPA from MIT, or 3.7, if you are more familiar with the 4.0 scale. This GPA was good enough to get me into medical schools, but also means that I always get a smattering of Bs along with As every semester. I completed the requirements for two degrees, took five classes for five semesters, four for two, and six for one. I think I am somewhat different from the standard MIT population because: 1) Ive never learned to code* at MIT (requirement for all engineering degrees). 2) Ive never built anything at MIT (most engineering degrees). * To my credit, I was fluent in Python prior to entering MIT, so give me a break before you start berating me D: rawr! A quick look at MIT Enrollment Statistics show that I represent only about a quarter of the MIT population, so be warned. To all incoming MIT freshmen, MIT is hard. It will be harder than anything youve seen. But youll be fine. To those familiar with Wii MarioKart, I once drew this analogy*: * If you are not familiar with Wii MarioKart, either youtube what these levels look like or go get the game! :) Your first semester is Luigi Circuit, its basically a loop for you to get the feel of your cart/bike and to size up your competitors. As long as you steer carefully, Pass/No Record is your friend, and you will be able to cruise through the semester without too much trouble. Your first semester in your major is Moo Moo Meadows. Its still smooth cruising like Luigi Circuit, but there are some new random obstacles along the way, like the herd of wandering cows and the gophers that pop out under you out of nowhere. The first semester will be a time when you test the water and get a feel of how your major would be like for the following years. One of your semesters will feel like Moonview Highway, where everything will feel like chaos. Youre racing around in the dark (more all-nighters and late-nights you can remember), with obstacles, cars, and bombs coming at you from all angles. It will be the semester when youre handling a tough courseload, but also balancing a challenging load of extracurriculars. It wont be your most difficult semester though courseload-wise, that would be the Rainbow Road semester. Finally, one of your semesters will feel like Rainbow Road, when you are constantly falling off the track, banging your head against the wall trying to figure out that really hard course that youre taking. The first lap may feel grueling due to the constant re-starts that you will have to endure, but gratification comes finally during the third lap, when you finally get a feel of the land and race through the dizzying loops on a highway of rainbows. There is no way to uniformly describe how difficult MIT is, and your mileage will vary (mainly due to your high school training, but the bumps will even out after the first year as you adjust to MITs challenges). Heres a few things to keep in mind as you begin your college journey, however: 1. Figure out your study/organization habits. You are not expected to know the answer now, and this almost certainly will change in college, but the sooner you figure this out, the better. For many, MIT will be the first time in your life when you really need to study (it was for me). I also dont believe in books that teaches you how to study, because techniques and tricks vary by person youll have to figure out what works for you. (helpful hint: you no longer can study for exams at 10 PM the night before) Also, figure out what works for you in terms of remembering events/due dates. Ive never had a Google Calendar (and I still dont use any form of electronic scheduling), and I was fine. Find out what works for you! 2. Learn from your friends. Who are the best TAs? Which semester should you take chemistry? Where can you get cheap textbooks*? Your classmates and upperclassmen in your dorm are your friends and will be more than willing to lend you a helping hand hey, weve all been there before! * Generally, you are doing something wrong if you buy all of your textbooks at the MIT Coop. One or two obscure books, okay but no more than that. 3. Use your resources wisely. Heres something you should know other than the GRE, LSAT, GMAT, MCAT, or another standardized test that youll have to take to jump through the hoops of applying to graduate school, you will probably not take a real multiple choice test again (well, at MIT). MIT exams are thinking-focused, which means that youll never be asked to regurgitate material instead, most questions focus on designing experiments, or research- or industry-based questions (not unlike those that researchers are presented with in the lab during the course of their experiments). Although this sounds exciting and rewards students who can think analytically and critically, it also means that there is very little of a safety net. On a standard multiple choice exam, you can still expect to get ~20% by blindly guessing, but on a MIT exam, there is a very real possibility of getting 0% if you dont know anything at all. Truthfully, Ive had nightmares at MIT where I dreamed that I walked into an exam not knowing ANYTHIN G, and getting a zero percent at the end. :'( As such, it is almost impossible to cram for any exam. Studying usually involves doing problem sets (the equivalent to homework in college) carefully and studying old problem sets and exams. You will actually very rarely study from a textbook ever againfor most MIT classes, textbooks are almost like supplemental or background material material that helps with understanding the professors lectures, but is very rarely actually covered by the professor him/herself. This means learning to acquire study material, either from the online course database (Stellar, which will become your very good friend in the next 4 years to come), upperclassmen, or your TA. Figure out where you can get help, like where your TAs Office Hours are. Plan on working on assignments at least a few days in advance, so you can ask your TA if needed (not frantically 3 AM the night before). Same goes for studying for a test TAs are known to host exam review office hours at least 2 days prior to the test, so they dont have to deal with the deluge of students seeking help at the final hour :P 4. Its not a race, really. The final piece of advice is that MIT is not a race. Some of your friends will breeze through the GIRs and make you feel inadequate, but the reality is that the vast majority of us all finish at the end. There is a culture of academic masochism at MIT, where students try to outcompete each other on the number of units theyre taking and the hours of sleep that theyre not getting every night. Regardless of what the people around you are doing, it is the most important to figure out what works for you. There is no shame in dropping a class*. There is no shame in not majoring in engineering**. It is okay to fail a test. Youll be fine. (youll learn the failing the test part ;) guaranteed.) * We have the latest drop-date in major US colleges, at eleven weeks. This means usually you can drop a class like literally two weeks before the final exam without penalty. Use that to your advantage! ** NEWSFLASH: MIT is comprised of more than just Course 6 and Course 2 students. That said, I dug up some classics of my MIT academic career that I want to share with yall. :D Ive gotten a perfect score on a MIT math/science exam only twice, once during 18.02 (Multivariable Calc) and once during 14.02 (Macroeconomics). Here is my lowest numerical grade at MIT EVER. (not lowest by standard deviation, though). BEHOLD! The class average was 37. In case youre wondering, I dropped the class promptly after this exam. Incidentally, the professor who wrote this exam was my academic adviser, hahaha. I kept this exam since 2008 because I still cant get over how badly I did on this test. Its hilarious because I actually put down an answer to every question on the test, but I had almost all of them crossed out by the grader :'( My first graded quiz/exam at MIT! The very first 8.01 quiz in September 2007! :*) I dont know if you can read the text, but the quiz was just this really long question about Ray Allen tossing a basketball. It was almost a prophecy, because the Boston Celtics won the immediate following NBA Final (2008) and there was much celebration in the streets when they did so :) As I was cleaning up my room, I found my very first 18.02 pset! It was so neat and nicely written! :*) (although most of my psets look like thisI have a habit of doing my pset on scraps of paper but then rewriting it nicely before I turn it in for the benefit of the graders :P). In retrospect, HAHAHA I had such little idea of all the pain that was yet to come :P So Im a bio major, right? How did I do in 7.012 (my very first biology class at MIT)? UHHHHH this was my first 7.012 exam: Just FYI, the Bio GIR is often regarded as one of the hardest GIRs, so just letting you know that I really wasnt that n00bish. Also, this was one of my first exams at MIT, and it totally demonstrates what happens if you underestimate MITs difficulty. Full disclosure: I started studying for this exam 10 PM the night before four years later, I even think I got what I deserved at the time: its sheer folly to study for a MIT exam like that. Anyways, the 50% translated to a D+ (the C cutoff was a 52%). Since this was taken on Pass/No Record, I promptly got an email from the Dean of Undergraduate Programming about my performance in Pass/No Record classes (this email is known as a fifth week flag and is sent out to freshmen both semesters who are not passing their classes by the fifth week of class). In my defense, we only had one 7.012 exams in the first five weeks, so this exam was not an accurate indicator of my eventual performance (I passed, and lets say this exam taught me a lesson for the rest of the semester). For the next four years, I kept the Fifth Week Flag email at the top of my Thunderbird Inbox (I use Thunderbird to manage my MIT mail) as a visual reminder to not slack off ever. Its there to the present day. Dear Christopher, I have just received notification of your 5th Week Flag in 7.012. You still have time to turn your grade around and pass the subject, so responding to your flag is critical. You need to advocate for yourself and access the resources that are available to you. As necessary, please consider the following: • Tutoring: Science core tutors and other sources of tutoring are listed at http://web.mit.edu/arc/learning/resources/tutoring.html • Study review sessions prior to all 3.091, 5.111, 8.01, 18.01, 18.02, and 18.03 exams. For information of dates, times, and locations of the sessions please see http://web.mit.edu/arc/learning/news/calendar.html • Meet with your advisor Mr. Matthew McGann. He/She can give you advice on resources, identify the issues/problems that might be plaguing you and discuss your options with you. Your advisor is also copied on the flag you received. • Office of Undergraduate Advising Academic Programming: My office, the UAAP, is your freshman departmental office. UAAP staff can provide advice on your classes and help you develop a recovery plan, room 7-104, 253-6771. • Student Support Services, 5-104, 253-4861 • Medical Department, E23-189, 253-4481 • MIT Mental Health Service, E23-368, 253-2916 • Office of Minority Education, 4-113, 253-5010 I would welcome the opportunity to talk with you about your academic performance or any other issue that may be impacting your studies or well-being. Please call (253-7411), email or stop by my office (7-103). Should I not be available, Dean Donna Friedman (room 7-104) is also able to assist you. Julie Julie B. Norman Senior Associate Dean and Director Office of Undergraduate Advising and Academic Programming MIT yeahhhh, I tell this story to almost everyone when they ask me why I chose to study Biology xP that said, welcome to MIT! :) - ps. This is an email that one of the most successful MIT graduates that Ive known, RJ 08, wrote to me my freshman fall semester on the subject of time management. There are only five emails that Ive kept at the top of my email inbox all four years this is another one of them. His advice is words of pure gold, both at MIT and beyond check it out! Academics: 1) Work on psets with friends, both weaker or stronger in the subject than you are. Either way, youll benefit from further discussion and peer teaching 2) However, spend some time trying psets on your own before working with friends, going for office hours, etc. Itll force you to think through the questions yourself first 3) Always start on all your work early. That way, you make sure you do the pset well, and dont have to pull all-nighters. 4) MIT does not require you to pull all-nighters weekly. 5) If you always fall asleep reading the text (i.e. not a Math/physics major), then work on problems to internalize the concepts 6) Make all effort to stay awake and participate in class, and if you see yourself falling behind, have the discipline to catch up over the weekend before its too late. 7) There are a lot of resources to prepare for exams (past year quizzes, ocw, stellar, office hours, review sessions). Make sure you use them! 8) Enjoy your classes. Seriously. If you dont like them and can help it, drop the class. Balance: 1) Have something to take your mind off work. Ideally it should be a sport, musical activity, etc. It takes your mind off work, and you come back refreshed and energized. 2) Get your 7 hours of sleep. Youre not going to get more done in that extra 3 hours you stay up 3) Be focused in whatever youre doing. Pset time doesnt mean 50% facebook. 4) Think about what exactly you want to get out of MIT. 5.0 GPA? Leadership skills? Friendships? Community Service experiences? Once you make that clear to yourself, and have a priority list, youll know what you should be doing and what you should say no to. 5) Keep busy. MIT has so much to offer, and if you stay busy and focused, you get into the habit of being efficient Scheduling: 1) Have some form of written record of what needs to be done when. google calendar, outlook, or pure simple paper. Having the written record means you dont have to spend brain power thinking about it. This includes a to-do list and a calendar of activities 2) Either when you wake up or go to bed each night, thinking about the day ahead and have a clear idea of what needs to be done. 3) Compartmentalize your time into hour block chunks, and set mini-targets of what needs to be done by when. 4) Again, start things early.

A Joint Venture Between Nora And Sakari - 853 Words

The negotiations for a joint venture between Nora and Sakari have been taking place for over two years and 20 meetings. Meeting locations have varied, but have been held in both of the firm’s respective countries of Helsinki and KL. So far, the meetings sunk costs in promoting the JV between the two companies are estimated at RM3 million. There are mutual benefits for a cooperative effort. The main benefit for Sakari would be to meet its strategy of expanding RD centres in to South-east Asia which is a market of unexploited potential. They would be to meet this strategy if they gained access through Malaysia. Nora’s main benefit would be able to fulfill its TMB contract since its bid was reliant on providing â€Å"Sakari’s 4G LTE technology† (XX). Despite the benefits that would occur due to the agreement the negotiation efforts failed to reach a JV agreement between the two entities. Some of the major reasons for negotiation failure were due to difference in goals, negotiation and interaction styles, cultural differences and behaviors, and lack of trust. GOALS, NEGOTIATION AND INTERACTION STYLES Their approaches to negotiation and objectives were very different for each party. Nora went in with an integrative negotiation strategy since they had already won their bid based on using Sakari’s 4G technology and having a successful agreement would be important in fulfilling the contract with TGMXX. The were interested in creating a win-win situation. On the other-hand Sakari’sShow MoreRelatedNora Sakari Case Analysis Essay1029 Words   |  5 Pagesand drawbacks of reconciling with Sakari? There are both benefits and drawbacks of reconciling with Sakari for Nora. The benefits are was follows. First, Nora was motivated by Sakari’s advanced technology and the possibility of acquiring it and replicating it in the future. Nora was interested in securing a share of the contract from TMB, as well as the technology to switch from telecom. Second, Compared to other larger size multinational companies, Sakari was prepared to work out customizedRead MoreNora-Sakar i Case Analysis2540 Words   |  11 PagesNora-Sakari Case Analysis Introduction The Nora-Sakari: A proposed JV in Malaysia set in 2003, focuses on the possible joint venture between Nora Holdings Sdn Bhd, a leading supplier of telecommunications equipment which is based in Malaysia, and Sakari Oy, a Finnish conglomerate, which was a leader in the manufacturing of cellular phones and switching systems from Finland. Nora as well as Sakari was part of a group of seven companies that submitted a five year bid outlined by Malaysia’s nationalRead MoreNora Sakari1861 Words   |  8 PagesNora Sakari case analysis 1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Why have the negotiations so far failed to result in an agreement?  Ã‚  Is the formation of the JV between Nora and Sakari the best option for both companies to achieve their respective objectives? Ans. Part 1:  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Negotiations to date between Nora and Sakari have failed mainly due to a mutual ignorance of one anothers cultural norms.  One of the key reasons for failed to result in an agreement is that there is huge gap between what Nora and Sakari can sacrificeRead MoreNora Sakari2153 Words   |  9 Pages1. Nora- Sakari: A Proposed JV in Malaysia (Revised) This case presents the perspective of a Malaysian company, Nora Bhd, which was in the process of trying to establish a telecommunications joint venture with a Finnish firm, Sakari Oy. Telecom Malaysia Bhd (TMB), the national telecom company, was given authority by the Malaysian government to develop the country’s telecom infrastructure. In October 2002, TBM called for tenders to bid on a five-year project worth RM2 billion for installing digitalRead MoreNora-Sakari: A Proposed Joint Venture In Malaysia5063 Words   |  21 Pagesand Management in SEA Case Analysis: Nora-Sakari: A Proposed Joint Venture In Malaysia Submission date: 03.03.2004 Nanyang Technological University CONTENTS: ___________________________________________________________________________ Introduction 1 Cultural differences 2 Relationship-Focus vs. Deal Focus 2 Formal vs. Informal 4 Time and Scheduling- Monochromic vs. Polychronic 5 Why Nora should contact Kuusisto in Helsinki. 6 Why shouldnt Nora contact Kuusisto in Helsinki? 9 ConclusionRead MoreGroupcase Nora-Sakari: a Proposed Joint Venture in Malaysia2416 Words   |  10 Pagesalmost always has more than one solution, the question of whether or not a joint venture between Sakari and Nora would be the best option for either of the companies is difficult to assess. However, there are certain benefits, which are mentioned in the case, that clearly outline the initial motivation for forming the join venture. From the Sakari side, the motivation came in the form of a new market in Southeast Asia, while Nora was motivated by Sakari’s telecom technology and the possibility of acquiringRead MoreNora-Sakari Case Analysis2313 Words   |  10 PagesNora-Sakari Case Study Introduction: Nora and Sakari are considering a joint venture to build digital switching exchanges for the telecom industry in Malaysia, Indonesia, and Thailand. Nora is a Malaysian telecom company that is looking to become a technology leader in South-east Asia. Sakari on the other hand is a Finish company that is considering expanding its operations in south-east Asian market and is looking for partners for this reason. They are a high Technology company and theRead MoreNora Sakari Case Study for International Management Course2238 Words   |  9 PagesVeena Meer November 13, 2012 International Management Case Analysis: Nora-Sakari: A Proposed JV in Malaysia Companies’ Overview Two leading telecommunications companies are negotiating forming a joint venture (JV) called Nora-Sakari. Sakari Oy (Sakari) was a Finnish conglomerate a leader in manufacturing cell phone sets and switching systems and Nora was a leading supplier of telecom equipment in Malaysia. The proposed JV in Malaysia has the purpose of manufacturing and commissioningRead MoreInternational Joint Ventures (IJVs) Essay example2455 Words   |  10 Pagesworld, multinational corporations (MNCs) need to find new markets to stay competitive. A way in which they can do this is through IJVs. Hyder and Ghauri (2000) estimate the growth of IJVs to be 25% annually. As defined by Geringer (1988), a joint venture (JV) is when two or more distinct companies come together and form a new entity. Geringer and Hebert (1991) extend this definition to include IJVs and stated that if the headquarters of one of the partners is outside the country where the JV is

Annotated Bibliography On Gender And Sexuality - 1955 Words

ENGL360: Desiring Bodies – Gender and Sexuality in Literature and Film Major Essay How is gender identity related to sexuality and sexual practice in Bram Stoker’s Dracula? Introduction – 250 words - Describe how Dracula presents a â€Å"characteristic, if hyperbolic, instance of Victorian anxiety over the potential fluidity of gender roles† (Craft, 111-112). - This essay will aim to show how Dracula inverts conventional Victorian gender patterns through the characterisation of the vampire women and the ‘feminine’ passivity of Jonathan Harker. - The role of the vampire mouth as the primary site of erotic experience as well as an element that separates masculine and feminine: â€Å"brave men† and â€Å"good women†. Part A 500 words Victorian conventions of sexual difference Dracula can be read as an almost transparent metaphor for the confusion, guilt and anger over what is considered to be the ‘proper’ role of women in Victorian society. The ‘vamping’ of a human female - such as in the case of Lucy - succeeds in adding a sexualised and sexualising element to women, who - according to the time period - are then only ‘purified’ through further sexual and violent acts, such as being penetrated by a wooden stake (Skal, 31). Victorian society is noted for its large anxiety over the relationship between desire and gender and traditional conventions of sexual difference: â€Å"The man’s power is active, progressive, defensive. He is eminently the doer, the creator, the discoverer, the defender.Show MoreRelatedA Discussion On Sexuality And Sexually Transmitted Infections / Diseases And Sexual Development Throughout Life955 Words   |  4 Pagesinfections/diseases and sexual development throughout life. As usual, there were multiple assignments. We had our normal issue from the Taking Sides text, though it was only one this week, a discussion on sexuality in later life, the quiz and this wonderful three page reflection paper. Additionally our annotated bibliography was due this week. As usual, I will start with this week’s reading from the Taking Sides text. This week was slightly different in that we were given only one topic to read and discussRead MoreAshford 4: - Week 3 - Assignment1335 Words   |  6 Pagestwo sentence summary of the main conclusions that you drew while researching your topic and that you will support in your paper by constructing a logical argument based on evidence (sources). You will then create an annotated bibliography. To create an annotated bibliography, list each source in full APA reference format. Then, beneath each source write a brief (one or two paragraph) explanation of the important information in the source and how you plan to use it in your paper. The annotationsRead More Feminist Criticism of Shakespeares Hamlet Essay2539 Words   |  11 Pagessignificance of gender both to Shakespeare and to the characters he presents. In order to interpret the significance of the feminine within the relationships in the play, one must first understand precisely the nature of feminine. Though this term is typically associated only with women, Hamlet in many regards breaks down these barriers. While women are almost always feminine in some respect, the male characters in Hamlet are often embodiments of feminine virtues, such as female sexuality, motherhoodRead MoreI Am Not My Sexuality2343 Words   |  10 PagesI Am Not My Sexuality: Annotated Bibliography and Outline Unit 5 Course 5334 Annotated Bibliography Aldrich, R. (2004). Homosexuality and the city: an historical overview. Urban Studies, 41(9), 1719-1737. Aldrich gives a historical overview of the history of homosexuality. He goes back to the Roman times and discusses Sodom and Gomorrah and continues to the present day. He makes mention of how homosexuals left various cities to escape the traditional life constraints and went to other citiesRead MoreThe Role Of Visual Arts For Stage Interventions Into The Representation Of The Female Self722 Words   |  3 Pagesmythology and religion; understand the confrontation between subject and object in women representation; analyse the practices associated with Surrealism which presented women artists with the potential to disrupt traditional ways of seeing. †¨ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY †¨Ã¢â‚¬ ¨MIRROR: ITS FUNCTION IN ART - HOW CONTEMPORARY WOMEN ARTISTS CHALLENGED TRADITIONAL ATTITUDES AND PRACTICES†¨ Facing Ourselves: The Changing Role of  Portraiture https://nbmaa.wordpress.com/2011/06/21/facing-ourselves-the-changing-role-of-portraiture/†¨ItRead MoreOverview. Octavia Butler’S Kindred Focuses On The Perspective1731 Words   |  7 Pagesorder to emphasize the widespread effects of prejudice upon human rights. In addition, the contrast of societies also serves to compare the troubles of the past society from the progressive perspective of 1976. The articles chosen within this annotated bibliography focus specifically on the multiple impacts of slavery. In addition, these articles were chosen specifically due to the variety of different arguments and perspectives each author claims; however, each article centers around the main issueRead MoreAn Annotated Bibliography Of Jane Austen s Pride And Prejudice 1561 Words   |  7 PagesGoing Against the Societal Norm in Pride and Prejudice: An Annotated Bibliography Thesis: Throughout the text of Pride and Prejudice, Jane Austen challenges gender and social norms in the Georgian Era through the development of Elizabeth Bennet as she interacts with characters in the novel. Greenfield, Susan C. THE ABSENT-MINDED HEROINE: OR, ELIZABETH BENNET HAS †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦A THOUGHT. Eighteenth - Century Studies, vol. 39, no. 3, 2006, pp. 337-350,419-420, †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Arts Humanities Database, †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.http://ncliveRead MoreThe Debate On Homosexuality And Homosexuality1229 Words   |  5 PagesKirsten Brockhoff Panel Presentation Paper Christian Ethics October 20, 2014 Homosexuality Homosexuality is defined as, the sexual or romantic attraction to members of the same gender. A male who practices homosexuality is known as being gay. The word ‘gay’ did not originally have any connection to a sexual connotation. In fact, the word was originally express feelings of happiness or carefree attitude. It was not until the twentieth century that people used the term gay to indicate a sexual orientationRead MoreJustifying Madonna s Work By Madonna2190 Words   |  9 Pagessupporters. It was important for Madonna to show the world the meaning of being sexually free and being able to express sexuality without regards to the social norms. The music video Justify My Love by Madonna portrays Sexuality and Nudity in the hopes of creating a more open minding culture with regards to gender expression. The music video features a wide range of abnormal sexuality behavior, as well as nudity, which caused it to be banned by MTV. MTV is a television channel with a wide c overage inRead MoreEssay on Georgia OKeefe (includes annotated bibliography)2286 Words   |  10 PagesGeorgia O’Keefe (word count includes annotated bibliography) Georgia O’Keefe is a famous American painter who painted beautiful flowers and landscapes. But she painted these images in such a way that many people believed she was portraying sexual imagery. â€Å"O’Keefe’s depictions of flowers in strict frontality and enlarged to giant scale were entirely original in character . . . the view into the open blossoms evoked an image of the female psyche and invited erotic associations.† (Joachimides 47)

The Questia Online Library Free Essays

According to the book, â€Å"The Shapers of America Fiction† by George Snell, published in 1947, â€Å"Not since Poe has an American produced a horror tale match â€Å"A Rose for Emily,† which is perfect story from the technical point of view, and one of the most effective and violent stories even Faulkner himself has written. Its gradual unfolding of the character Miss Emily, its full acquiescent gifts of revelation, the carefully sown clues and the well-prepared yet shocking climax and denouement are among the marvels of the Faulkner virtuosity. † (Snell 96-97) Truly, this fine, fiendishly brilliant, subtle story â€Å"A Rose for Emily† outshines many of its kind in the short story done so far in America during the time it was written. We will write a custom essay sample on The Questia Online Library or any similar topic only for you Order Now I agree with Snell when he said that Faulkner is as great as Poe. The story is the commonsensical development of Poe, but brought to an elevated degree of force since its action takes place not in some misty mid region but circumstantially and precisely in an identifiable South, with all the appurtenances and censures of a civilization which Faulkner recognizes and concurrently loves and hates. The misfortune that Faulkner depicts does, of course, entail the passing of time and the simultaneous changing of customs. Hence, time in â€Å"A Rose for Emily† is noteworthy as based on personal experience, cultural history, and aesthetic technique. One would say that the story shows how modest Faulkner has been reserved by the principles of Southern life, which have dictated to many Southern writers how diminutive of reality they could deal with. At the same time shows his obvious ineluctable affinity with Poe, as with Faulkner’s style and as master of the bizarre and morbid. In 1949, William Faulkner was given the world’s premier literary award, the Nobel Prize in Literature. No wonder the Mississippi native William Faulkner is considered one of the world’s best writers and conceivably the most momentous writer the United States has yet produced. Reading Faulkner permits today’s culture to take a step back in era and capture a glance of one of the most evolutionary epochs in American society. William Faulkner said, â€Å"That was simply another manifestation of man’s injustice to man, of the poor tragic human being struggling with its own heart, with others, with its environment, for the simple things which all human beings want. In that case it was a young girl that just wanted to be loved and to love and to have a husband and a family. † Work Cited: â€Å"The Questia Online Library. † 23 June 2007 http://www. questia. com/read/10392194#. How to cite The Questia Online Library, Papers

Intrinsic and Rational Speculative Bubbles †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Intrinsic and Rational Speculative Bubbles. Answer: Introduction: The given statement is false. If government want to increase demand by $5 billion then it has to carry out government spending greater than $5 billion. The effect on aggregate demand because of fiscal policy expansion depends on the multiplier effect derived from the IS curve (Palley, 2015). For a closed economy the effect of change in government expenditure on aggregate demand depends on the multiplier given as The expansionary fiscal policy leads to an increase in interest rate, which affect investment and dampen the expansionary effect. This is called crowding out effect. In the open economy the additional leakage exits induced by imports. The open economy with a fixed exchange rate regime has a smaller crowding out effect than the closed economy. Once the economy move from fixed to flexible exchange rate regime the situation is reversed. With flexible exchange rate, the interest rate alters the net export and creates crowding out both in domestic and international market. In a restrictive monetary policy, the monetary authority reduces money supply in the economy. The reduced money supply increases the interest rate in the credit market. The economy contracts and so is the consumption and investment. With a higher interest rate, the cost of borrowing fund increases and people borrow less fund to invest in housing market (Calza, Monacelli Stracca, 2013). The reduced demand for housing property reduces housing price. Any exogenous factor that influences housing demand can counter the situation. The fiscal stimulus in form of concession of taxes because of investing in credit market can make housing investment more lucrative and boost prices. Another condition that can prevent housing price from falling a low level is the immigration in the nation. Growing demand for immigrant accommodation maintain a balanced in demand and price. In United State, housing bubble burst because of sudden fall in interest rate and leads to financial crisis. Australia is another example of nation facing crisis in the property market because of monetary policy and other external factors. In order to achieve targeted inflation rate and economic growth Bank of Canada reduces the overnight interest rate. The policy include prime lending rate and mortgage rate as well. The lower interest rate make ownership of home more affordable and benefits the homeowners by raising demand for properties and properties. The decreases in the mortgage rate affect homeownership to a broader population segment. It helps the homeowners to fulfill the ambition of home owning and buy expensive houses. The homeowners enjoy a wealth affect because of raising property price without taking any action (Allen et al., 2016). In Canada, tax concessions are provided to purchase new house or even to renovate the existing houses. Other programs in Canada provide benefit to homeowners. One example of the beneficiary program is Home Buyers Plan. It allows withdraw of fun amount up to $25,000 from the retirement saving plan to finance purchasing of new home or construction. Home accessibility tax credit is another tax policy that allows a claimed tax concession up to $10,000. The economic policy framework of the governing authorities of a country has immense implications on the overall economic welfare of the residents living in the country as well as the economic health of the country itself. Economic policies are mainly classified into two types, the fiscal policies, which collectively deal with taxing and government expenditure and productivity aspects and the monetary policies, which are primarily concerned with the regulation of the money supply and the interest rates prevailing in the country (Sterner, 2012). Therefore, a lot of the economic welfare of the country as well as its residents depend on how efficient the policy framework is and any faulty and inefficient policy, fiscal as well as monetary, can have immense negative implications on the country in an overall framework. The essay, tries to capture this aspect of a faulty policy framework on the overall economy, taking reference of the Global Economic Crisis of 2008, which started in the USA and percolated to almost all the other parts of the world with time (Rios, McConnell Brue, 2013). One of the most notable economic phenomena, in the global scenario, which had immense and long term implications (mostly negative) on almost all the major economies of the of the world, was the Global Financial Crisis, which occurred in 2008, which had its initiation in the United States of America. The primary reason behind the occurrence of the Global Financial Crisis, as asserted by many eminent economists, all over the world, was the bursting of the investment bubble in the housing sector of the country. This was fallout of shortsighted economic policy structure of the country and the wrong speculations of the investment side players involved (McDonald Stokes, 2013). Housing Bubble: Creation and Burst Before the period of occurrence of the Financial Crisis, the housing sector of the country was experiencing a boom in the real estate sector, especially the housing sector of the economy. The housing prices were steadily and impressively increasing in the country, in the decade preceding the crisis, which can be seen from the following figure: One of the primary contributing factors in this hike in the housing prices in the country was the speculation of the investors (which also included the households) in this sector, who took the residential properties as a type of asset. Thus, started investing more and more in this sector with the speculation the prices of these assets would never fall. The households also showed the similar investment pattern and were backed by the monetary policies of the then government, which in order to facilitate more investment in this sector, designed the loan and mortgage policies in the real sector accordingly. The interest rates prevailing in the country, in this aspect, were exceptionally low to encourage investment in the residential sector, by proving easy borrowing and financing facilities to the investors. The housing tax policies of the country were also designed in such a way which increased the risk taking behavior of both the investors as well as the banks and the financial institutions, the providers of the loans, extensively (Berkmen et al., 2012). This created a huge immense bubble in this sector with time and when the interest rates started rising in the succeeding periods, the housing bubble burst in the economy, which led to immense negative repercussions including one of the biggest bankruptcies in the world, of that of the Lehman Brothers, with which the Global Financial Crisis started. Conclusion From the above discussion of one of the biggest real case economic phenomena in the world, it is evident that much of the economic welfare of a country as well as its residents, both short term as well as long term, depend on the economic policy frameworks of the country as well as of the global economic scenario. Any dynamics in the same is expected to have significant implications on the economy itself. References Allen, J., Grieder, T., Peterson, B. M., Roberts, T. (2016). The impact of macroprudential housing finance tools in Canada: 2005-10. Berkmen, S. P., Gelos, G., Rennhack, R., Walsh, J. P. (2012). The global financial crisis: Explaining cross-country differences in the output impact.Journal of International Money and Finance,31(1), 42-59. Calza, A., Monacelli, T., Stracca, L. (2013). Housing finance and monetary policy.Journal of the European Economic Association,11(suppl_1), 101-122. McDonald, J. F., Stokes, H. H. (2013). Monetary policy and the housing bubble.The Journal of Real Estate Finance and Economics,46(3), 437-451. Nneji, O., Brooks, C., Ward, C. (2013). Intrinsic and rational speculative bubbles in the US housing market: 1960-2011.Journal of Real Estate Research,35(2), 121-151. Palley, T. I. (2015). Money, fiscal policy, and interest rates: A critique of Modern Monetary Theory.Review of Political Economy,27(1), 1-23. Rios, M. C., McConnell, C. R., Brue, S. L. (2013).Economics: Principles, problems, and policies. McGraw-Hill. Sterner, T. (Ed.). (2012).Economic policies for sustainable development(Vol. 7). Springer Science Business Media.

Computer Addiction Essays - Behavioral Addiction, Computer Addiction

Computer Addiction March 2, 2000 There once was a time when the only computers known to the average person were those the military possessed. Eventually, large corporations found many different uses for computers in the business world, and today, computers are as common in numerous households around the globe. People from all age groups are learning to operate computers and anyone who has worked with computers for long periods of time knows that computers can be just as addicting as smoking. Computer addiction can have a number of physical, social, and psychological effects on a person and it is to be taken as seriously as any other addiction that a person is battling. One common physical effect computer addiction can have on a person are back problems. Sitting for so long can take a toll on a person's muscles and can result in poor posture. Poor posture can result in chronic back problems that require the services of a chiropractor. Dry eyes, carpal tunnel syndrome, and vision complications are some eye problems caused by over use of a computer. Migraine headaches are quite common in computer addiction and are linked to the straining of the eyes. Because of the long hours spent engrossed in a computer, addicts often have eating irregularities, such as skipping meals and binge eating. Computer addicts experience sleep disturbances, or changes in sleeping patterns, which are most likely due to late hours on the computer and low blood sugar from eating irregularities. One last effect is the failure to attend to personal hygiene, such as bathing, combing hair and brushing teeth. All of these physical effects can be linked to computer addiction. Social effects of computer addiction include reduced time spent socializing with others. People may begin to feel that their computer is the only relationship that they have the time to focus on. They lose the desire for human contact and communication and in a way they are breaking away from reality. Lacking the desire to make contact with others, means lacking the desire to create new relationships or to build on already existing ones. After a certain amount of time, they lose their conversation skills completely. Within the lives of computer addicts it is their friends and family that suffer the most from this form of alienation. They are often moved to the very bottom of the computer addict's list of priorities. Computer addiction has the power to cause serious social effects and cannot be left untreated. Along with the physical and social effects of computer addiction there are also psychological effects. Some psychological symptoms experienced by computer addicts when they are not at the computer are feelings of depression, emptiness, irritability, distraction and withdrawal. Feelings that are common when addicts are at the computer are a sense of euphoria or well-being. These senses of complete ecstasy and pleasure also causes and inability for people who are addicted to computers to stop the activity. They end up having a constant craving for more time at the computer, and this is where one can identify an addiction. Along with addiction comes a need to cover up their secret and computer addicts often lie to those around them. For example lying to employers, and family members about their hours spent at the computer and also denying they have a problem. This lying a sneaking around eventually results in problems either at school or at work. The psychological effects of computer addiction may not only lead to distraction and emptiness but may also lead to critical depression. When people think of addictions, no one ever thinks of computer addiction to actually be common. In this age of computers, computer addiction will only increase as time passes. More and more people will experience the physical, social, and psychological effects of computer addiction but, thankfully, like other addictions, this condition is treatable.

How to Conjugate Agir (to Act) in French

How to Conjugate Agir (to Act) in French As you continue to learn French, you may want to use the verb  agir, which means to act. Conjugating this French verb to match the subject and tense of a subject is actually quite easy because it is a regular verb. This quick French lesson will show you exactly how to do that. Conjugating the French Verb  Agir It is necessary to conjugate French verbs so they make sense in the context we wish to use them. We cannot simply use  agir  anytime we wish to say something or someone is acting or has acted. Instead, we need to change the ending of the verb and this is called conjugation. The good news is that  agir  is an easy one to conjugate. It follows the typical pattern of  regular  -ir verbs  to tell us which ending to use. This makes learning the conjugations for similar verbs rather easy. In the case of  agir, you can use the chart to discover the proper form to use based on the subject pronoun the I, he, we, etc. which are j, il, nous in French and the tense required. For instance, to say I act, you would say jagis in French. Subject Present Future Imperfect j' agis agirai agissais tu agis agiras agissais il agit agira agissait nous agissons agirons agissions vous agissez agirez agissiez ils agissent agiront agissaient Agirs Present Participle The  present participle  of  agir  is  agissant. Its a very useful conjugation as it can act as a verb, meaning acting, or you can utilize it as an adjective, gerund, or noun. Another  Past Tense of  Agir Its likely that you will use the  passà © composà ©Ã‚  for the past tense rather than the imperfect in many instances. Its even easier with a verb like  agir  because theres no need to worry about the subject as all instances use the same form of  agir. In order to use the  passà © composà ©, you must first conjugate the auxiliary verb  to match the subject. For this verb, we use  avoir.  You will also need the past participle, which is agi. To put these pieces together, if we want to say I acted, it would be jai agi in French. Likewise, we acted is quite simply nous avons agi. You will note that ai and avons are the conjugates of our auxiliary (or helping) verb  avoir. More Conjugations of  Agir Among those conjugations above, you should be familiar with the present, future, and  passà © composà ©. The other forms, as well as those below, will be used on occasion. While its not necessary to memorize them, you should be aware of them. The subjunctive is a verb mood that is used when the action is undecided. Likewise, the conditional verb mood is used when the action is dependent on conditions it may or may not happen. The last two columns contain the  passà © simple and imperfect subjunctive of the verb  agir. These forms are used in formal writing. Subject Subjunctive Conditional Passà © Simple Imperfect Subjunctive j' agisse agirais agis agisse tu agisses agirais agis agisses il agisse agirait agit agà ®t nous agissions agirions agà ®mes agissions vous agissiez agiriez agà ®tes agissiez ils agissent agiraient agirent agissent The final conjugation of  agir  that you need to be concerned with is the imperative. This is another mood verb form that is used on occasion. The catch here is that you do not need to use the subject pronoun. Instead, it is implied in the imperative verb.   For instance, instead of tu agis you can simply use the verb  agis. Imperative (tu) agis (nous) agissons (vous) agissez Expand Your Understanding of  Agir Not only is  agir  a regular verb, it is also an impersonal verb. This means that it can be used in the impersonal form of  sagir de  which means to be a question of or to have to do with. Also, when you want to say to act like you will need to use the proper preposition. For  agir, that would be  agir en.

University of California Application Personal Statement - 1

University of California Application - Personal Statement Example I have been reading publications on computer science that have rekindled my passion and interest to undertake a computer science course at the University of California. I got involved in a Program dealing with Science and Technology Innovation in high school in 2012. It was a competition that had 381 teams; 2,356 people participating and a total of 42 countries. In this -InRoboCup2012 competition, I was a programmer of Macau robot team, and my job was coded for the robots and background. I used C++ and arduino to control the servo motors (Robots) and lights (background). Through hard work and diligence, I received awards from this competition due to exemplary work that I displayed in the competition. The awards were World Champion - RoboCup 2012 Mexico City (RoboCup Junior and an award for the best Presentation -RoboCup 2012 Mexico City (RoboCup Junior. Additionally, I have awards in Dance League – Super Team Secondary and Dance League –Special Awards Secondary, which indicate how passionate I am in succeeding at what I do. Getting involved in this competition elevated my logic in computers and hence the desire for further studies in the field at your institution, which I understand has programs that will enhance my skills and make me be among the best in this field in my career. As an individual who is passionate about solving problems that face people, I believe computer science as a field that enhances problem-solving skills is a fit for me, especially with the good computer science and technology programs in your institution. My interest to pursue studies in computers science is further motivated by the large gap that I have in skills and knowledge in the field in breadth and width hence the desire to bridge this gap with studying computer science and technology further. I am sure the skills that I will get in this field will enable me transfer the skills from the classroom to practice and use my computing skills to

Can the Existence of God be Proven Ontologically Essay

Can the Existence of God be Proven Ontologically - Essay Example One of such theories is the ontological argument; in this paper I will argue that this theory is not enough to prove the existence of God. The ontological argument is priori; it seeks to explain the existence of a greater being using logic as to what the appreciative of the superior being that is God is. The theory was popularized by Anselm who used psalms 14 as his reference point and addressed the fool who says in his heart that God does not exist. He states that the fool hears and understands that there is a greater being although he does not understand its existence. Anselm purports that if it exists in one’s understanding then it can be made to exist in reality, which carries more weight. He clearly states that God is a being without which nothing greater exists and the fool understands this but does not believe that God does truly exist. Anselm’s theory is more or less based on deduction if the fool understands that a greater being does exist then it must exist, o therwise he would be contradicting himself. This theory is unsatisfactory in proving God’s existence since it claims that assuming that God does not exist leads to a contradiction, He must therefore exist. The theory seems to dictate that God does exist by the virtue that He must exist, since nothing greater can be conceived than Him, it illustrates that God’s existence is necessary since the thought of Him not existing is inconceivable. The idea that the existence of God is necessary does not proof that He actually exists; it is more like forcing an issue down someone’s throat and expecting that person to believe it and accept it as the truth. Because He carries the title God, the theory then seems to insinuate that it s wrong to claim that God does not exist. For something to exist, the concept must correspond to reality, but Anselm’s theory is based on abstract facts and this does not proof that a greater being does exist. A monk by the name Gaunilo, a lso attempted to refute the claims by Anselm describing an island that can be said to be ore excellent than any other existing island. He goes ahead to argue that an island that that exists is much better than a non-existent one, so therefore the island must exist by definition. The assumption that one can define anything that he wants and it will exist corresponds to the ontological theory. It would be therefore correct to assume that the devil also exists by the necessity that he must. Since God does exist and he is all good and presumably much greater than conceived then the devil must also exist as that which nothing worse can be conceived. This theory therefore holds no water and does not prove God’s existence since it would then show that one can imagine and assume anything in life and it shall be a reality which is not the case. Alvin Plantiga also decided to remodel the ontological argument by use of logic, claiming that concepts must either be necessary, impossible o r possible. In his concepts, he claims that there is a world that possibly exists with a being that is maximally great, meaning that He exists in all possible worlds and therefore must exist in our world as well. This argument has no much difference from the Anselm’s argument because what it does is state that the greater being is a possibility. This claim is debatable meaning that it does not have any tangible proof to support its basis. The ontological argument clearly shows that God only survives in the mind, which means if God is imagined and a creation of the mind, then something greater than God can be imagined. But one should not forget that this is all in the mind and not actually existing in real

Tata Consultancy Services SWOT and PESTEL Analysis

Tata Consultancy Services SWOT and PESTEL Analysis Tata Consultancy Service (TCS) is the worlds leading global Information Technology consulting firm and business outsourcing organization that envisaged and forged the espousal of the flexible global business practices, which nowadays facilitate organizations to manoeuvre more professionally and construct more value. The IT industry was not has it is now when TCS started in the year 1968. TCS was started as the Tata Computer Centre a dissection of the Tata group whose chief business was to offer computer services to other concerns. TCS marked a tremendous growth with marking its presence in 34 countries across 6 continents, with a absolute range of services across diverse industrial fields. TCS ranked in top ten in the fortunes rank list for the year 2009. The concern shaped consolidated income of US $5.7 billion for economic year ended 31 March 2009 and is listed on the Bombay Stock Exchange and National Stock Exchange in India. TCS expanded into China, Hungary, Brazil, and Mexico in order to incarcerate the opportunities in financial services and services like Remote Infrastructure management and BPO in those countries, TCS always offered a unique manner to its global customers by positioning its brand in the worldwide market. The zenith of all these lead to the concerns contributions of TM Global Network Delivery Model(GNDM) across Europe, China, India, US and Latin America as well as incorporated full overhaul offerings, all backed by the promise of certainty of experience for customers. By 2007, the value enunciation of Experience certainty was officially initiated, acknowledged and authenticated by global customers. As the Indian financial system sustained to grow in the new century, the necessity for technology to constrain comprehensive augmentation became part of national schema. TCS, which had been spending additional, time in domestic IT from the time when its commencement was well located to assist the National Government at the central and state level, in its inventive proposals. TCS, by its own initiative shaped a digitized delivery system. In a manifestation of the companys ground-breaking spirit and with an aspiration to extend the benefits of the IT upraise across the country. TCS aptitude to convey high-quality overhauls and resolutions are matchless. It is the worlds first organization to accomplished an enterprise-wide Maturity Level 5 on both P-CMM and CMMI, using the most meticulous assessment methodology SCAMPISM. TCS Integrated Quality Management System integrates process, populace and technology maturity through various ascertained frameworks and traditions including ISO 9001 :2000, IEEE and SW-CMM, CMMI, 6-Sigma and P-CMM. For maximum flexibility, speediness, and competence, a vigorous IT strategy is essential. TCS contribution facilitates companies to construct the most of their IT investments from providing system testing solutions, application development, management services, and integration solutions. COMPANY BACKGROUND: TCS has the wide spread economical boundaries around 36 countries with seven physical centres of operations around the world. TCS was founded by Tata group which was established by jamstji Tata in 1868 an oldest and respected group of companies in India. The First chairman was Jahangir Ratanji Dadabhoy followed by Nani Palkhivala. The first general manager was F.C. Kohli. TCS first assigned to offer punch card services to a sister corporation, Tata Steel (TISCO). It later bagged the nations first domestic software project, the Inter-Branch Reconciliation System (IBRS) for the Central Bank of India. It has also provided bureau services to Unit Trust of India; as a result TCS became one of the first companies to offer BPO services. In the early 1970s; Tata Consultancy Services in full swing exporting its services. TCSs inaugural global order came from Burroughs, one of the first business computer manufacturers. TCS was assigned to write code for the Burroughs machines for numerous US-based clients. This knowledge helped TCS to bag its first onsite project the Institutional Group Information Company (IGIC), a data hub for ten banks, which served to two million clients in the US, TCS was assigned to assert and upgrade its computer systems. TCS holds the credit to set off the first software research and development centre, the Tata Research Development a nd Design Centre (TRDDC) in 1981and in 1985 the first client committed offshore development centre was established for Compaq. Early 90s was golden era for the Indian IT industry; they grew tremendously due to the Y2K virus and the introduction of Euro. TCS lead the way for industrial unit replica for Y2K conversion and built-up software tools which undertook the automatic conversion process and facilitated third-party developers and customers to use. In 1999, TCS fortified the opportunities in outsourcing the E-Commerce and the connected solutions and set up its E-Business division with ten people. In 2004 it illustrated a vigorous development of contributing half a billion US dollars to TCSs total revenue. In the year 2004, TCS was ranked under public sector, though much later than its competitors such as Infosys, Satyam and Wipro. TCS entered into a brand new area of IT services (Bioinformatics). The next two years that followed TCS aced a huge growth in progress both nationally and internationally. TCS assists some of the worlds major MNCs to take up the accurate technology-enabled solution that helps them: Optimize business recital Decrease product progress time Get better product differentiation Smooth the progress of arrangement of business with technology Join their extensive supply chains Offer real-time business handy Lesser functioning costs. Tata Consultancy Service Profile: Type: Public BSE: 532540 Founded: 1968 Headquarters: TCS House, Rave line Street, Fort, Mumbai 400 001 India Key people: Ratan Tata, (Chairman of the Board, Tata  Group) S Ramadorai, (CEO and Managing  Director) Jobhi Mahalingam, (Executive Director  and CFO) N Chandra, (Executive Director, COO, CEO   MD Designate) Phiroz Vandrewala,(Executive Director  and Head, Global Corporate Affairs) Ajoy Mukherjee, (Vice President and  Head, Global Human Resources) K Anantha Krishnan, (Vice President and  Chief Technology Officer) Services: Information Technology Consulting, IT Services, Outsourcing, BPO, Software Products Products: TCS Bancs, Digital Certification Products, Healthcare Management Systems. Revenue: US$ 6.019 billion (in FY 2009-10) Net income: US$ 1.128 billion (in FY 2009-10) Employees: 150,000 (As on 1 April, 2010) Website: http://www.tcs.com FINANCIAL POSE: TCS financially persists to demonstrate the steady stand in the top position of Indian IT firms. As the IT outsourcing market records more rapid growth pace, TCS expressed a steady growth rate in 2008-09, whose consolidated revenue grew by 23% to 27% which helped TCS to cross the $6 billion revenue milestone. TCS operating margins improved to 23.73% by 109 basis points. TCS have also increased its dividend share to Rs.14 in the last financial year. The TCS directors have also recommended an issue of bonus shares in 1:1 ratio and it was the second bonus issue since 2004. TCS completely focused in helping their customers relationship with them simultaneously adding fresh customers and penetrating in novel market segments and emerging verticals which made them to add 163 new customers internationally in the past year. TCSs foremost market North America crossed new high point of revenue above $3 billion and grew 26% in 2008-09 in spite of recession, While Europes branches faced a express growth of 38.5% during the same year. It is very significant for an organization to certify the differentiation of its revenue stand and to uphold its augment impetus. TCS always delivers that the 143,000 TCS employees are the supreme assets of all which includes 50,000 global associates from 67 countries and TCS trained 93,000 software professionals of which, 22,000 college graduates in the past academic year which was tremendous growth. TCS is incessantly investing to unlock new markets and services which made them to invest in emerging markets like Asia-pacific, Middle East, Africa and Latin America. The firms gigantic team of human resources is serving the TCSs panorama not only in business but also its contact on the community. TCS made an effective evolution in corporate sustainability. TCS persists to be a pioneer of growth for the reason of its established ability to reinvent the business and organisation. The concern is placed to exert in collaborative mode, significant assessing all that TCS does. TCS holds a strong position in the future IT global market. ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE: A basic structure distributes responsibilities among the members of a company. Its purpose is to contribute to the successful implementation of objectives by allocating people and resources to necessary tasks and designing responsibility and authority for their control and coordination The three levels of organizations are technical level, managerial level and the community level. (Mullins, 2008) The organizations are differentiated based on the task, the employees work and the nature of company and its HR policies and conditions. A hierarchy is handled in order to treat people equally in companies; Treating equal is just that they are literally equal, In order to extract best from an employee, the person above him will treat them as one and the same to extract the maximum and best work from them Functional organization,  matrix organization, and  line organization  are three common types of organizational structure (Mullins, 2008). The main intention of organiza tions is to distribute the tasks; the main aspect is to preserve the relationship between employees of different stages in order to drive them towards the single task and to monitor the progress of the assigned task. The TCS have a very well designed organization. The organizations can be classified into two main divisions they are Centralization. Decentralization. Centralization A simple and effective execution of policies for an entire organization. Gives a reliable approach over the organization. Makes trouble-free organization and administration control Better employ of specialization including better amenities and paraphernalia. Decentralization Facilitated verdict is to be nearer to the operational level of work. Amplified receptiveness to local conditions. It persuades inspiration and confidence of the staff. Observance progress in compliment and more supple structures. TCS offers services in eight areas of service: Business process Outsourcing, Business Intelligence and performance Management, Enterprise Solutions (CRM, ERP, and SCM) IT Consulting, Application Development and Maintenance, Engineering and Industrial Services, IT Infrastructure services, Testing and quality Assurance. TCSs are divided in following divisions Financial Services, Energy and Utility, Banking, Life sciences and Health care, Insurance, Securities trading system, Retail and Consumer goods, Telecommunications, Government and Transportation. TCS follow a standard organizational growth which helps them to organize the vast team under single board of directors; the type they follow is matrix organization. The matrix organization is a combination of functional departments which provide a stable base for specialized activities and a permanent location for staff and units that integrate various activities of different functional departments on a project team, product, programme, geographical or systems basis (mullins 2007). (www.tcs.com) DISADVANTAGES ADVANTAGES More involvement can cause aggravation and uncertainty among team members. Adequate meeting makes this type more time consuming. A detailed understanding is needed in order to be a part else result in bad performance which affects the total team work. A very good ability is needed in order to perform better and draw attention. Distribution of possessions is supple among the organization. Facilitates in intricate verdicts and appropriate for recurrent transformations occurs in unbalanced atmosphere. To meet demands from customers and helps to make unity within the team. Provides an opportunity to extend both practical and product skills. ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE: Even though the organizational culture will look like a similar saying its really solid to describe and elucidate as the word culture is derived from anthropology. In simple it can be described as the reflection of fundamental works about the way by which the work is performed. The collection of traditions, policies, value, attitudes and beliefs that comprises an invasive framework for everything we do and believe in an organization (Mullins, 2008). The corporate cultures can be categorised by two influential factors, The degree of threat coupled with the organizations manners The pace at which organisations and their employees obtain comment on the success of verdict or strategies. If the customs are adopted by the employees, it amplifies the supremacy and rights of management in three ways. Categorizes themselves with their organization and consent to its decree when its the defined fascination to do. To integrate the organizations worth when they are right. Enthused to accomplish the organizations objectives. The types of Organizational culture are Power culture, Task culture, Person culture, Role culture. A well-built organizational culture lies on eight strong pillars of OCTAPACE referring to authenticity, confrontation, autonomy, openness trust, proactive, collaboration and explicitness. Organization cultures can be categorized into strong and weak cultures. The organizational culture of TCS is translucent in stipulations of pay and its HR policies. There is a towering level of employee engagement as the concern pay structure stimulates and supports employees to achieve better to receive an excellent sum of their recital pay. There is an incessant improvement and growth of workforce through different modus operandi like the T model. It is a proficiently managed organization with client fulfilment as its top most precedence. Workforces are given lofty sum of respect and everybody is addressed as an ASSOCIATE to make them believe that their input really matters. But there are some minorities who believe that TCS follows a cold culture, by cold they signify that persons are not concerned about others. Few think that TCS has an energetic culture and there are lots of communal performance which the concern takes on to help the underprivileged and poor. One such initiative is the TCS Maitree, it is a non-profit auxiliary of TCS which utilize the employees to approach further on and educate the under privileged children or seize a camp in a countrys rural area to educate them regarding the knowledge on computers. PS T Model is new software intended by TCS, all the workers information pertaining to his possession, competencies, skill set, etc are fed and then the software gives the three best domains where the employee would best be suited. This model when launched will help in smooth inter- departmental reloc ates. TCS values are ethical, in which TCS have its own set of rules, policies, values which is called TATA Code of Conduct which was explained by HR with immense efforts during induction process, in easy words it can be described as that TCS is not doing business from people but doing business with the people. The TCSs culture is dynamic and favourable for vigorous growth and antagonism. THE NATURE OF ORGANIZATIONAL CHANGE: Change is persistent manipulate. It is an unavoidable part of both social and organizational life and we are all subject to continual change of one form or other (Laurie j Mullins 2008) There are factors which are substantial to the organization change are: Global inflation and economic meltdown. Non-availability of resources. The limitations on products lifecycle due to frequent revises in technologies. Very high competition in escalating and capturing new market places. BUSINESS STRATEGIES: TCS names its business divisions as Industry Service Practice. TCS has it maximum revenue from Banking Financial Services and Insurance Sector. GENERIC BUSINESS STRATEGY: Low outlay of Global delivery 24X7 model. Delivery with the help of established release and excellence framework-IQMS in time. A whole focus on customer retention and client relationship in order to uphold the business revenue which is 95.6% Distinguished in low end services in both capital and price A solid protection from the money fluctuations with currency prevarication. Owing to its tough knowledge management system and resource strength, TCS has been triumphant in attaining the cost leadership in the Industry. In recent years TCS has been following a further resolute strategy where they are moving towards the requirements of customer and the nature of business as like Middle East, Europe, and Asia-pacific. TCS focus much on customers and the area rather than being broad. A full Focus on the centres of Excellence(CoE) to strengthen potential in order to build the state-of-art elucidation in particular technologies such as testing, virtualization and architecture. The high end skills and scale will help TCS to embark upon huge projects aimed at converting clients, IT applications and Infrastructures. GLOBAL STRATEGIES: When the global strategy of TCS is being closely observed, it will illustrate an influencing labour cost in South America, China and some parts of Europe. Employing overseas experts into the post of Directors in order to obtain the frequent changes in the business is also can be referred as one of the key strategies of TCS Clayton M Christensen(HSB Professor, joined TCS in 2006) Dr. Ron Sommer (former chairman of the board of management of Deuteshce telecom AG, joined TCS in 2006) Laura M cha (Member of Executive Council of the Hong Kong special Administrative Region(SAR) and Non-Executive Chairman of HSBC investment, Asia ltd) TCS have a keen view in looking US and UK for the Business Revenue markets and India for the skilled employees. TCS is very keen in establishing global delivery centres outside India which can demonstrate TCS as a Global company. TCS was the first one to set the global delivery centre in China which distinguished TCS from other corporate companies. In recent years TCS was frequently changing its approach towards global market; recently TCS reconstructed its structure towards its global operations to implement a Customer centric and integrated approach which is anticipated to assist in avoiding the risk factors arising from the Economic Meltdown in western countries. TCSs operation units are mainly divided into five main divisions. The well established markets are North America, U.K and Western Europe and the new markets are Latin America, Middle East, India and Eastern Europe. The new restructured plan was considered as the very good change by the TCS as it is attaining impetus in Europe and other markets, which is obvious in the companys marked growth rate of 40% every year. The operations In Middle East and Latin America had also seen a substantial growth. TCS had built new delivery and offshore centres in Latin America like Uruguay, Mexico and Brazil. STRATEGIC ALLIANCES: TCS is always keen in upholding the strategic relationships with various International technology vendors. These relations are distinguished in various magnitudes such as service provider, customer, supplier, and alliance partner. The relationships with the international technology vendors have made TCS to maintain a holistic. TCS made a joint venture with these vendors on joint research influencing each other strengths to research and to develop the best breed offerings. Joint advancing engagements. Significantly new or improved solutions. Joint go-to-market strategies for the solutions. ACQUISITION STRATEGY: TCS is concentrating the growth in two ways the organic means and inorganic means. The Inorganic way is in the course of acquisitions of companies which craft business sense to TCS. The concerns should adjoin great value to TCS. The Business with CMC is assisting TCS taking a very sharp gaze to the domestic Industry. Both companies have synergies in the government sector. They made various agreements with various companies some of them are the agreement with the citi group to transfer 12,000 employees in banking sectors for cash and external support in IT. Tata InfoTech Limited (TIL) was merged in early 2006. It was also a software service company like TCS which have branches around the world like America, Europe and Australia. Comparable to the financial venture made greater than, TCS yet again prolonged its banking commodities and shared its European operations after attaining a 75% equity wager in its Switzerland-based partner, TKS-Teknosoft. TKS was the marketing representative f or TCS in Europe. TCS: CO INNOVATION NETWORK (COIN): TCS is following a coin strategy in order to face the competition as the globalisation has created a elevated competition among the IT companies. It is necessary for the IT companies in order to follow an innovative technology thus resulted in the Advanced Information and Communication Technology which made practicable for companies to collaborate and perform Globally Distributed Network (GDN). Disorderly improvements are not the consequence of a solitary technology pretended by the minority of people but the combination of similar technologies may result in getting a combined innovative technology which will be much more effective and useful for the companies to perform globally. This concept of innovation network is not novel; classically it was the technology releasing body e.g. IBMs driven Innovation Networks and Googles Gartner Innovation networks are already been in existence, for TCS it is the customer driven innovation network where the participants are delivery rudiments and explorations. SWOT ANALYSIS: SWOT analysis is a prearranged loom to calculating the strategic position of a business by identifying its strengths, weakness, opportunities and threats. SWOT offers an uncomplicated way of analysing the results of marketing review. Internal strengths and weakness are abridged as they communicated to external opportunities and threats. (Jobbers; 2007) It analysis the complete strategy of the company based on policies and the business method which they follow. This pictures the companies advantages and disadvantages in companies perspective. The SWOT for TCS is as follows, (S)TRENGTHS widespread universal reach Strong economic presentation Human management skills Innovative lab system The Fame of the founder (W)EAKNESSES Momentous publicity to financial service markets. Deficient in level of consulting operations. (O)PPORTUNITIES Expansion in worldwide IT services Focus on SMB segment Expanding maneuvers in countries like china Focus on high end business and consulting (T)HREATS The Hike in Employee costs Powerful competition from overseas firms like Accenture, IBM etc. Merge in the end markets Currency gratitude Increase in competition from low wage. (S)TRENGTHS: The popularity and the reach all over the global markets made TCS a reputed and known firm in the Global IT Market. The TCS had launched the branches all over the world which can be considered as the primary strength for the TCS. TCS made clear and strong economic presentations around the globe which makes its clients a financial confidence about the company. The International base of TCS, India is known for its skilled employees in IT field which naturally made TCS very strong in Human resource. TCS is also skilled in the management skills as its board of directors are from overseas countries in order to adopt the strategies from all the parts of the world. TCS have a very good infrastructures and innovative labs with all the latest technologies which help TCS employees to update the latest technologies and to make research in various fields. The fame of the founder is also an added strength for the TCS. (W)EAKNESS: The excess exposure on the financial service markets which usually need to be kept confidential is considered as the main weakness of TCS. TCS is also lack in effective consulting team which show a strong reflection of decline in the growth cycle of the TCS, Being a company which works on Outsourcing projects usually needs a very good effective consulting team which acts as the bridge between the clients and company. TCS really lacks in that. (O)PPORTUNITIES: TCS being a fast growing IT firm is very keen in establishing and expanding its business to almost all the parts of world right from India, China, Latin American countries, Asia-pacific and etc which opened up a great business opportunity for TCS. The Focus in the SMB segments is also lays a very good business opportunity for TCS. Expanding the global branches to void countries like china, Asia-pacific will extend the business opportunities of TCS in future. TCS have a very good opportunity in high end business and consulting in the future if they rectify their weakness in consulting service. (T)HREATS: The rapid growth and development in India and other global areas, A common demand for employees arise which result in the increase of cost for employees. TCS has to face a very high competition from overseas and well established companies like IBM, Accenture and etc. The complete merge in the End markets is also a biggest threat for TCS. The advantage on rupees always stands as the biggest threat to all IT companies in general. Increase of competition from low wages is another threat. The similar Indian firms like Wipro, Infosys are also at their full phase of capturing global markets. TCS has to face a cold war against the threats which the company faces. As all the competitors of TCS are equally strong and effective in which TCS cant ignore the supple one. PORTERS ANALYSIS ON TCS: Porters tool will help to analyse the main five competitive factors which affects the companys growth (www.emeraldinsight.com) Being TCS itself is an supplier, it do not have problem with the suppliers, the other four forces which are problematic to TCS are the threat of new entrants, the bargaining power of customers, the threat of substitutes and the spirited rivalry between the existence. In the untimely days the software exports, the software wholesale market was overlooked by very few massive like Accenture, EDS and IBM, where the Indian concern were outlined as small level companies in result the TCS and other Indian software companies competed themselves in the lower end of the business, which resulted TCS and other organizations to choose small projects and tasks which are simple to do. TCS also faced a customer market that was conquered by the insurance companies and huge banks. While TCS keenly hunted for alliances with larger sellers as a competitive strategy, TCS most successful approach was to honestly loom clients and admit the minor charges that its competitive pose dictated. The entry of new companies have reduced rapidly as the huge companies like TCS, Infosys and Wipro have developed and grown huge in their market share, size and reliability with their customers. Though, the companies struggle to decrease their straight rivalry through demarcation of manufactured goods, in every market there has been enormous competitors. TCS has to work seriously upon reducing the bargaining power of customers. TCS can prevent price strategy in mixing up with purchase decision. It means that TCS should bring more than undifferentiated indoctrination by moving up the cost sequence. Such approach might be difficult in the software outsourcing business as the clients have an in-depth domain enterprises and rights of inclination to hold on to the work allocated under considered consulting. The clients very well know that the complete bargaining power lies in the strategic consulting; outsourcing that may reduce their bargaining power. TCS have to build up enough knowledge so as to construct outsourcing these errands a convincing worth plan. Of course, it is exactly in this empire that the multinational outsourcing firms such as Accenture, IBM, and EDS are the most vicious customers. Falsifying groupings are often viewed as a superior approach to offset clients bargaining command. Though, constructing alliances with companies functioning in clients sites have to be low-priced as this would advance focus on TCS in application progress. On other side, the attainment of a medium-sized US firm with sturdy customer relations and domain expertises could offer a striking opportunity. Even if expenses per employee would increase, the go up would be minute since workers needs are lesser for higher value-added jobs. The main anxiety for TCS is opposition from existing companies like Wipro, Infosys and CTS as it has produced rivalry for active dealings and twisted noteworthy pricing stress. Internationally, Companies like EDS have sited themselves as competent of handling huge, turnkey ventures which can distinguish themselves from contestants such as Accenture and IBM that spotlights on superior value-added jobs such as consulting. This proposes an organically-driven expansion strategy for TCS: as TCS should persist to do the similar sort of job that it presently do, but should attempt to arrest a better section of the value-addition by accepting huge projects. Although it has exhibited a potential in distant project management, TCS would be requisite to increase the same capability. But, there are also few risks which prevail in this strategy. TCSs huge dimension implies that it might have already exploited wealth to amount in applications improvement. Adding to that, the strategy may tender the latent for huge growth since it essentially engages elevated value-added actions. Before, this was hard, partially owed to the technical complexity in rejecting the value-chain away from the modularization of appliances programming. In recent years, though, systems design, manufacturing services, and systems integration job have increasingly been outsourced suggestive of that, if the abilities are at hand, those works could be completed in India. The threat of substitutes are mainly from the China, Philippines and eastern Europe which emerge as a biggest threats to the Indian IT companies, which is mainly due to the low cost. The companies from these countries quote very low price for the same quality of products as the Indian Companies do, which creates a great impact on medium to long term projects. It is difficult for TCS being operated from India to attain the organic growth. As the globalization

Logistics and E-Business in Dell Inc.

Introduction This brief purports to provide a critical evaluation of planning and organising efficient operations and networking. It also aims to analyse the problems associated with the control of component activities and quality. In particular, the critical discussion is centred on the effect of process technology and e-business on Dell Inc., evaluating such effect on its logistical and operational capability. Dell Inc. is a computer company founded in 1984, which became a market leader in the worldwide selling of personal computer products and services. It adopts a simple concept of direct selling of computer systems to customers, which enables it to establish every system to order and offer preconditioned systems for customers at well-competitive prices. Compared to its competitors, the company is able to introduce latest technology more rapidly, utilise supply chain techniques and customer-centred manufacturing, and provide an average of four days for inventory turn-over. This process has resulted in a ratio of 1:5, in which a Dell computer is being sold worldwide for every five standards-based computer system (Rushton and Walker, 2007). Dell also made a report in 2006 that 44 per cent of its sales came from the US, and its revenue in China grew by 29 per cent. Additionally, an 18 per cent increase was experienced for its shipments in Europe, Africa, and Middle East. It was able to maintain its number one position in the US market for personal computing, in which it recorded a market share of 32 per cent. In 2006, Dell opened 14 new manufacturing and development facilities vis-a-vis maintaining significant investments in the US, China, and Germany, amongst others (Rushton and Walker, 2007). Process technology and e-business in Dell Before directly addressing the effect of process technology and e-business on Dell Inc., it is deemed necessary to clarify the concept of e-business. According to Harsono (2014), e-business refers to as a set of business models and practices enabled by Internet technologies whose emphasis is on networks of customers, suppliers, and productive capabilities, pursuing an aim to continuously improve the performance of supply chain. E-business is a powerful concept in that it enables the adoption of the Internet in establishing integrative relationships amongst members of the supply chain. Chen and Popovich (2003) noted that Dell‘s example of customer relationship management exemplified success in combining information technology (IT) and front-and-back office operations. In addition, Dell adopted a build-to-order e-business design, which featured a rapid cycle of product development (Harsono, 2014). Moreover, Dell was amongst those who initially established a customer-driven configuration capacity for personal computers (Harsono, 2014). It established a web of components manufacturers and IT providers for its successful direct marketing system (Sushil, 2013). With the absence of retail stores and through call centers and phone orders, the company adopted a build-to-order assembly model through which it receives orders. Its website made a strong influence on software applications of its own customer service representations to establish a self service web application that enables customers to produce their own custom orders for personal computers. Dell allowed customers to explore a number of computer configurations with the use of a ‘choice board’ capability, showing price differences for components that customers intend to include in their order. This PC order is then submitted through the website ecommerce, translating the order data into a design, ordering the co mponents, and electronically scheduling the proper resources to complete the order (Kurbel, 2013). Customer demand is also integrated from direct-sales channel that is linked to its back-end supply chain (Harsono, 2014). The company is able to pursue an effective integration and implementation of e-commerce and supply chain management Noteworthy is the fact that Dell serves as a strategic supplier to British Airways, in which the former supplies desktops and notebook computers to the latter’s purchasing agents. Dell enables British Airways to buy and track orders to a Dell website that adopts customisation for the user’s needs. The airline has adopted Dell’s e-procurement tools on its intranet, allowing authorised staff to make PC purchases through a portal that is directly connected to Dell’s system (Harsono, 2014). Not only does Dell support its business customers with e-procurement tools, but it also utilises e-commerce for its own e-procurement. It was able to develop a specific e-procurement model aimed to be shared with its business partners. One feature of the model is the conduct of bids using electronic tendering, which Dell also uses when buying product components. Through Dell’s adoption of process technology and e-business, it is able to communicate and collaborate with a range of business partners. Its build-to-order capabilities allow it to pursue significant improvements in its demand planning and accuracy of factory execution, reduce the time entailed in order and delivery, and improve customer service. It is worthy of note that Dell also partners with Accenture to create and foster a high-performance supply chain solution for planning and design execution. Its factory scheduling and demand-planning capacity and inventory management also became automated, through informat ion technology utilisation and adoption of e-supply chain models (Harsono, 2014). Dell’s supply chain has been cited by several researchers as a model of excellence, which is made possible through a closed-loop supply chain and logistics techniques. Dell utilises a variety of techniques that maintain build-to-order operation. It has an assortment of process maps within its forward and reverse supply chains. Dell’s example suggests a need to provide emphasis on supply chain efficiencies in order to build customer value and carefully investigate its capabilities prior to the implementation of any specific collection of logistics approaches similar to its supply chain operation (Kumar and Craig, 2007). In addition, Dell is constantly adjusting and improving its processes over time, in which its business model consists of working directly with customers and providing better value (Teece, 2010). Dell organised its value chain around the choice of products that it sells through its distribution system whereby it enables developing efficient capabilities on selecting the specific products to produce. Certainly, the whole strategy is reliant on available suppliers who are able to produce at highly competitive prices. It must be noted nonetheless that Dell did not bring significant enhancements to the technology of personal computers but is noteworthy for its combination of innovations of both suppliers and its own distribution systems in delivering compelling value to its customers (Teece, 2010). An important point as well is that Dell does not utilise the Internet to create a marketplace; rather, it uses the Internet to exchange information on demand and inventory with its suppliers, thereby allowing suppliers to produce proper production levels and aid Dell’s supply chain towards improved complementariness of its supply and demand (Chopra and Van Mieghem, 2000; Harson o, 2014). By being a virtual IT department apart from being a PC vendor, Dell tracks all corporate-wide purchases vis-a-vis giving customers the convenience to order anytime at any place. Indeed. Dell has relied heavily on a few suppliers that also function as long-term partners (Chopra and Van Mieghem, 2000). Just-in-time production is implied in Dell’s logistics process, in which expected administrative problems related to large numbers of individual orders have been superseded by information technology. Dell has epitomised this move towards the system of building products to order and shipping them to the customer. It is important to note that the company has integrated its computerised management information system with its logistics software to aid the analysis of purchasing and selling of products. Further, e-logistics allows Dell to view the big picture by capturing data for procurement, in which logistics-generated data are being sent to strategic decisions formulated by other aspects of the organisation. Apparently, the Internet has provided Dell real information of supply and demand, rather than a merely forecast one. E-logistics likewise enables a closer integration of Dell’s internal business systems with web-based functions, allowing the facilitation of collabor ative solutions in the supply chain (Joseph, 2005). The company continues to integrate the Internet into its whole business process, such as procurement, online sales, and relationship management (Chou et al., 2004). Impact of Process technology and e-business on Dell The effect of process technology and e-business for Dell is increased customer value, in which the company enables to keep its retail customers to come back, helping the company to drive sales to more than $55 billion in 2004. Additionally, Dell utilises e-commerce to provide real-time information to its suppliers in the supply chain. In this regard, suppliers utilise this information to adjust their production time, in which they only produce the adequate components for Dell’s needs and adopt an appropriate mode of delivery to enable these products to arrive just in time for production (Ross, 2011). It must be noted also that the strong impact of e-business in Dell’s supply chain enabled it to deal with its more than US$ 100 million losses through a best practice example of impeccably incorporating e-marketing and supply chain management to boost its processes (Harsono, 2014). With Dell’s utilisation of e-business and process technology, the effect is its revolu tionisation of the business model in its core geo-product sphere with its manufacture and marketing of personal computers. Its adaptability and flexibility allowed Dell to acquire wealth by leveraging its revenue, utilising alliances to develop the right combination of products, and reducing change-related costs (D’Aveni, 2001). Another impact of process technology and e-business on Dell’s logistical and operational capability is its ability to deliver high customer value in relation to customisation, as well as lower process cost. Its direct selling of computer using web technology enables it to receive higher margins than conventional PC manufacturers, who need to share some margin with retailers. It is clear that retailers occupy a weaker position to utilise this e-business opportunity than other members of the supply chain. In terms of revenue, Dell’s direct sales model through its e-business channel made the company to continue obtaining increased margins compared to traditional computer manufacturers with resellers. It was able to effectively manage its ability to change prices and delivery times based on component availability. In the same manner, the company is able to work on its supply chain’s input and output ends to harmonise demand with supply (Chopra and Van Mieghem, 2000). Apparently, through Dell’s stance to use e-business, the results include increased efficiency in logistics and marketing processes, cost reductions, reduced inventory levels, decreased time-to-customer process to improve competitive situation, and lower time to market process (Shin, 2005). Conclusion This brief was focused on Del Inc. as it attempted to provide a critical evaluation of planning and organising in its efficient operations and networking activities. The discussion was centred on the impact of process technology and e-business on the company. Dell became a market leader in selling personal computers and services, employing direct selling to customers, enabling it to provide preconditioned systems for customers at a very competitive price. The company was successful in combining IT and front-and-back office operations. Its fast cycle of product development was based on a build-to-order e-business design. The build-to-order assembly model featured the use of call centers and phone orders rather than the usual retail store. Dell’s supply chain and logistics success is exemplified in its partnership with British Airways and Accenture. The company utilises e-commerce to provide e-procurement tools to its business customers and for its own e-procurement. The effects of Dell’s process technology and e-business are increased customer value; enhanced real-time information processes for suppliers; high customer value delivery in terms of customisation; lower process cost; increased margins; reduced production cycles; increased efficiency in logistics and marketing processes; and decreased inventory levels. These impacts are enabled by a demand-driven supply chain that replaced the traditional supply chain approach. References Chopra, S. and Van Mieghem, J. A. (2000) Which E-Business is Right For Your Supply ChainAccessed on 8 December 2014 from http://www.kellogg.northwestern.edu/faculty/vanmieghem/htm/e-business-scmr-april26.pdf Chou, D. C., Tan, X., and yen, D. C. (2004) Web technology and supply chain management. Information Management and Computer Security, 12 (4), 338-349. Chen, I. J. and Popovich, K. (2003) Understanding customer relationship management (CRM): People, process and technology. Business Process Management Journal, 9 (5), 672-688. Daniel Gmoe’s Blog (2010) Green Logistics. Accessed on 8 December 2014 from http://danielgmoe.wordpress.com/ D’Aveni, R. (2001) Strategic Supremacy: How Industry Leaders Create Spheres Of Influence. NY: The Free Press. Dignan, L. (2009) Dell Aims to Diversify Away From PCs, But How Accessed on 8 December 2014 from http://seekingalpha.com/article/148763-dell-aims-to-diversify-away-from-pcs-but-how Harsono, A. (2014) The impact of e-commerce in supply chain management at Dell Inc. Journal of Multidisciplinary Engineering Science and Technology, 1 (3), 11-18. Joseph, P. T. (2005) E-commerce: An Indian Perspective. Second Edition. New Delhi: Prentice-Hall of India. Kumar, S. and Craig, S. (2007) Dell, Inc.’s closed loop supply chain for computer assembly plants. Information, Knowledge, Systems Management, 6 (3), 197-214. Kurbel, E. K. (2013) Enterprise Resource Planning and Supply Chain Management: Function, Business Process and Software for Manufacturing Companies. First Edition. NY: Springer. Ross, F. D. (2011) Introduction to Supply Chain Management Technologies. Second Edition. FL: CRC Press. Rushton, A. and Walker, S. (2007) Supply Chain Outsourcing: From Local to Global. London: Kogan Page. Shin, N. (2005) Strategies for Generating E-Business Returns on Investment. London: Idea Group Publishing. Sushil, S. (2013) Flowing Stream Strategy: Leveraging Strategic Change with Continuity. NY: Springer. Teece, D. J. (2010) Business models, business strategy and innovation. Long Range Planning, 43 (1), 172-194.